Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Development sociology as a distinct area of study gained prominence in the post-world war era with the evolving interest in political and economic progression of the post-colonial world. The emerging discipline from the mainstream sociology have been particularly interested in development paths and strategies adopted in nations in the various regions of the world with greater emphasis in development trends among the third world nations. This paper chronicled strides in the sub discipline since inception and contributions by scholars towards the growth of the discipline as well as development descriptions, explanation and predictions with the relationship of the western rich nations and third world nations in mind. This paper, hold that the postulations of development sociology as regards global development trends, citizen’s capacity building and citizen’s freedom/access be encouraged by all stakeholders; as well as consciously addressing the issue of income inequality which currently is criminally wide.

The main purpose of this research is identifying socio - economic factors that influence participation of young people in virtual space. The research method in this research is Survey and in terms of aim is applied and extensive level, Statistical population consists of all 20 to 34-year-old youth in Tehran that according to the results of the general census of population and housing in 2011 have been equal to 2,647,282 people. The sample size based on estimation formula of Cochran sample size were 384 that selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tool was researcher made questionnaire that its validity confirmed by using face and content validity and its reliability calculated by using Cronbach's alpha. Data analyses have been performed by using the spss21software. The results of research showed that there was a significant relationship between Communication literacy, Lifestyle, Trust to services, Satisfaction of cyberspace, Social and cultural identification and the level of participation of youth in cyberspace and all relationships were confirmed in 99 percent confidence level, As well as between participation in cyberspace ,Significant differences was observed by gender. Results of regression analysis show that 69% of the changes of participation variable in cyberspace have been explained through Lifestyle, Trust to services, satisfaction of cyberspace, identification and media literacy.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perception of time and expected anxiety as well as perception of time and fear and hope in pregnant women and their partners. The population was all pregnant women and their partners who had visited a gynecologist in the city of Karaj, in Iran at 2015-2016. From this population, 120 participants (60 couples) were selected through convenient sampling. The instruments were Expected Anxiety Inventory of Tavakoli and Safarinia (2012), Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) by Conroy et al (2002) and Snyder Hope Scale (1998). The data was analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and bivariate linear regression analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between perception of time and expected anxiety and a significant positive relationship between perception of time and fear in pregnant women and their partners, with 99% confidence in both results. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between perception of time and hope in the participants. The results of the regression analysis for the relationship between perception of time and expected anxiety showed that generally, perception of time can alone predicts 21/4 % of expected anxiety in the participants. The results for the relationship between perception of time and fear indicated that perception of time can alone predict 40/1% of fear. In addition, in neither of these two relationships, hope can be significantly predicted by perception of time in pregnant women and their partners.

This study is conducted with the aim of explaining the role of extraversion on employee loyalty with the mediating role of career and social adaptability among employees in a private organization. The research design is descriptive-correlational and the population is the employees of Saveh Chocolate Factory up to 240 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size of eligible people in this study is 172 subjects chosen randomly. The research data is collected by questionnaires of extraversion, social adaptability, occupational adaptability, and employee loyalty collected each of which has acceptable reliability and validity to study the mentioned variables. Pearson correlation and SPSS software are used to analyze the data. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, the obtained results suggest that the relationship between extraversion and employee loyalty (ρ= -0.564) is a significant inverse relationship, and the relationship between social and occupational adaptability with employee loyalty (ρ =0.431, ρ =0.579) is a direct and meaningful relationship. Moreover, according to the results, the direct significant relationship between extraversion and social adaptability (ρ=0.453), extraversion and occupational adaptability (ρ=0.297), and occupational adaptability with social adaptability (ρ=0.487) are approved. The findings besides confirming the existence of a significant relationship between extraversion, social and occupational adaptability with employee loyalty show that each of the mentioned behavioral characteristics are associated with each other, and explain the quality of this relationship to be used for better analysis of the employee loyalty in organization.

Microfinance is a type of banking service that is provided to unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who would otherwise have no other means of gaining financial services. Micro finance through Self Help Group (SHG) has been recognized internationally as the modern tool to combat poverty and for rural development. Micro finance and SHGs are effective in reducing poverty, empowering women and creating awareness which finally results in sustainable development of the nation. The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. In this paper the role played by Microfinance in women’s empowerment are considered into three dimensions namely psychological, social and economic. The study is undertaken in rural areas of Patna region. Both primary and secondary data’s are used. Primary data is enumerated from a field survey in the study region. Secondary data is collected from NGOs’ reports books, website, and relevant documents. The researcher has used percentage method, simple correlation coefficient, paired t test and cross tabulation for analysis purpose. Analysis showed that there is a gradual increase in the all the three factors among rural women’s. From the interaction among the respondents it is noticed that some members are expecting the NGO to come up with more training sessions in income generating activities. All they need is a way to develop their skills and talents by participating in various training programs. There is a definite improvement in psychological well-being and social empowerment among rural women as a result of participating in micro finance through SHG program.

This paper will examine the influence of radio political campaign messages on the electorates’ voting behavior in Kano – Nigeria, with a focus on the 2015 general elections. It seeks to ascertain the extent that the electorates in Kano – Nigeria were exposed to radio political campaign messages, as well as the extent to which such messages influenced their voting decisions. Equally, the study claims that Kano people are religiously and ethnically attached to their leaders. Accordingly, the paper seeks to determine whether or not there is relationship between radio political campaign messages; interference of the opinion leaders on the voters’ behavior leading to turn out into participating during the elections; and the outcome of the elections result. To achieve this, the paper offers the survey method with the questionnaire as research instrument. Through multi-stage sampling, 435 respondents were selected in the nine (9) local government areas, three (3) each from the three senatorial districts in Kano and administered the questionnaire. We launched this research on the premise of multi-step flow of communication theory. The findings indicate, among other things, that the majority (90.0%) of electorates in Kano were exposed to political campaign messages on radio. Explaining further, respondents (58.3%) said they listen to political party related campaigns and were influenced by them while casting their ballot. The findings further revealed that respondents (65.5%) were influenced by opinion leaders in their choice of political parties or candidates during elections as they perceived their advice/instruction as credible. In light of the findings, it was concluded that political campaign messages aired by local radio stations were an essential factor in the political decisions of the electorates in Kano. Similarly, it was recommended that producers of political campaign messages should make optimum use of their right sense of judgment in packaging their messages to avoid deception on voters. And, that opinion leaders while interpreting the messages to opinion followers should always check the reality or otherwise of the messages produced by parties and candidates to avoid misleading their followers.

Current age is the age of globalization. An age in which the conceptual and semantic frameworks has immersed, compacted, and materialized human beings in the same texture. Hypermedia systems has turned knowledge into a wall-to-wall neighbor and cognitive geography has made people closer together. The world has gotten rid of scattering and dispersion, and the global village or meta-geographical virtual world has been realized so that virtual reality is more effective and influential in the development process than the reality itself. Globalization has a direct relationship with tourism, in other words, tourism is considered as one of positive aspects of globalization emphasizing the local attractions. This wonderful industry is one of factors facilitating the globalization and acts as one of internal flows of global economy alongside the flow of capital from the center to the periphery. The present research has tried to examine the multifaceted notions of globalization and tourism as well as their relationship. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between globalization and tourism industry and their interactions. The results indicates that globalization will influence industries and services, whether positively or negatively, and since tourism and foreign travelers are considered as a major source of foreign exchanges, this industry play direct role in the gross national product. Tourism is rational and strong reason for globalization, and the path to globalization is possible through tourism.